Answer: DEMETER

Demeter is a Greek goddess who is known as the harvest goddess. She is also the goddess of agriculture and fertility. According to Greek mythology, she had a daughter named Persephone who was abducted by Hades, the god of the underworld, and became his queen.

Note: The provided meaning of the answer is for the latest New York Times crossword puzzle clue: Harvest goddess with a daughter in the underworld. Explanations are generated by AI and may be inaccurate.