Answer: ORALS

In the context of "defense mechanisms," "orals" likely refers to a specific defense mechanism known as oral aggression or oral sadism. Oral aggression is a Freudian concept that refers to the expression of psychological conflicts through aggressive or sadistic impulses that are focused on the oral area of the body. It is considered one of the early stages of psychosexual development, where individuals may show aggression or power-seeking behaviors related to their oral needs and desires. This defense mechanism may manifest in various ways, such as biting, sucking, chewing, or aggression towards others. It is thought to stem from unresolved conflicts during early oral stages, where individuals may experience frustration or unfulfilled needs related to oral gratification. It's important to note that defense mechanisms are psychological strategies used by individuals to protect themselves from unpleasant emotions, thoughts, or situations.

Note: The provided meaning of the answer is for the latest New York Times crossword puzzle clue: Hurdles for doct_ _ _ _ _tudents. Explanations are generated by AI and may be inaccurate.